Surveying Colombian Speech-Language Pathologists on their Reported Training & Practices of Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice

Objective: To explore the training and use of auditory perceptual evaluation of the voice reported by Colombian speech-language pathologists. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational research with a quantitative approach. Methods: A digital questionnaire was designed and distributed to gather information regarding professionals' training process and implementation of auditory-perceptual evaluation procedures. Descriptive statistics were applied, and several generalized linear models were adjusted to determine the influence of certain variables on others. Results: The survey received responses from 40 speech-language pathologists, revealing that the most used scales for training and evaluating vocal quality within this group are direct magnitude estimations (82.5% and 77.5%). Similarly, in this group, the tasks most frequently used to train and use as an evaluation strategy are vowel assessments (38%) followed by spontaneous speech (30%). Practitioners of this group were mostly trained using a conceptual framework involving multiple exposures to rating (42.5%). The use of direct magnitude estimation in training with a normal voice showed significance (p = 0.015), as did the use of the vowel /i/ in training with an equal-appearing interval (p = 0.013). The statistical models relating the scale used to the scale on which participants were trained were also significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The GRBAS scale is the training tool most used by the group of speech-language pathologists of the study group in Colombia. Future efforts should focus on improving training practices for auditory-perceptual evaluation, exploring alternative conceptual frameworks, and incorporating external references to enhance validity and reliability.

Objetivo: Explorar los reportes de fonoaudiólogos colombianos acerca del entrenamiento y uso de la evaluación perceptual auditiva de la voz. Diseño de estudio: Se eligió un diseño de investigación observacional transversal con un enfoque cuantitativo. Metodología: Se diseñó y distribuyó un cuestionario digital para recopilar información sobre el proceso de formación de los profesionales y la implementación de procedimientos de evaluación perceptual auditiva. Se aplicaron estadísticas descriptivas y se ajustaron varios modelos lineales generalizados para determinar la influencia de ciertas variables en otras. Resultados: La encuesta recibió respuestas de 40 fonoaudiólogos, revelando que las escalas más utilizadas para la formación y la evaluación de la calidad vocal en el grupo son las estimaciones de magnitud directa (82.5% y 77.5%). Del mismo modo, en este grupo las tareas más frecuentemente utilizadas para la formación y el uso como estrategia de evaluación son las vocales (38%), seguidas por el habla espontánea (30%). La mayoría de los profesionales del grupo fueron formados utilizando un marco conceptual que involucra múltiples exposiciones a la calificación (42.5%). El uso de la estimación de magnitud directa en la formación con una voz normal mostró significancia (p = 0.015), al igual que el uso de la vocal /i/ en la formación con intervalos de igual apariencia (p = 0.013). Los modelos estadísticos que relacionan la escala utilizada con la escala en la que los participantes fueron entrenados también fueron significativos (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: La escala GRBAS es la herramienta de formación más utilizada por el grupo de fonoaudiólogos del estudio. Los esfuerzos futuros deberían centrarse en mejorar las prácticas de formación para la evaluación perceptual auditiva, explorar marcos conceptuales alternativos e incorporar referencias externas para mejorar la validez y la confiabilidad.

Ligustilide delays senescence of auditory cortex in mice by inhibiting ferritinophagy / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the mechanism of ligu aged 2 months of the same strain were used as the constilide (LIG) in delaying the senescence of auditory trol (Ctrl) group. Auditory brainstem response test was cortex and treating central presbycusis. Methods used to detect the auditory threshold of mice before and Forty C57BL/6J mice aged 13 months were randomly di after treatment. Levels of serum MDA and activity of vided into ligustilide low-dose(L-LIG) group, ligustil serum SOD were detected to display the level of oxidative ide medium-dose (M-LIG) group, ligustilide high-dose stress. The pathological changes of auditory cortex were (H-LIG) group and aging (Age) group, and 10 mice observed by HE staining. Ferroptosis was observed by

Study on gene therapy for DPOAE and ABR threshold changes in adult Otof-/- mice / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:This study aims to analyze the threshold changes in distortion product otoacoustic emissions（DPOAE） and auditory brainstem response（ABR） in adult Otof-/- mice before and after gene therapy, evaluating its effectiveness and exploring methods for assessing hearing recovery post-treatment. Methods:At the age of 4 weeks, adult Otof-/- mice received an inner ear injection of a therapeutic agent containing intein-mediated recombination of the OTOF gene, delivered via dual AAV vectors through the round window membrane（RWM）. Immunofluorescence staining assessed the proportion of inner ear hair cells with restored otoferlin expression and the number of synapses.Statistical analysis was performed to compare the DPOAE and ABR thresholds before and after the treatment. Results:AAV-PHP. eB demonstrates high transduction efficiency in inner ear hair cells. The therapeutic regimen corrected hearing loss in adult Otof-/- mice without impacting auditory function in wild-type mice. The changes in DPOAE and ABR thresholds after gene therapy are significantly correlated at 16 kHz. Post-treatment,a slight increase in DPOAE was observeds,followed by a recovery trend at 2 months post-treatment. Conclusion:Gene therapy significantly restored hearing in adult Otof-/- mice, though the surgical delivery may cause transient hearing damage. Precise and gentle surgical techniques are essential to maximize gene therapy's efficacy.

Distribution characteristics and correlation analysis of GJB2 variation in patients with auditory neuropathy / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To elucidate the correlation between the GJB2 gene and auditory neuropathy, aiming to provide valuable insights for genetic counseling of affected individuals and their families. Methods:The general information, audiological data（including pure tone audiometry, distorted otoacoustic emission, auditory brainstem response, electrocochlography）, imaging data and genetic test data of 117 auditory neuropathy patients, and the patients with GJB2 gene mutation were screened out for the correlation analysis of auditory neuropathy. Results:Total of 16 patients were found to have GJB2 gene mutations, all of which were pathogenic or likely pathogenic.was Among them, one patient had compound heterozygous variants GJB2[c. 427C>T][c. 358_360del], exhibiting total deafness. One was GJB2[c. 299_300delAT][c. 35_36insG]compound heterozygous variants, the audiological findings were severe hearing loss.The remaining 14 patients with GJB2 gene variants exhibited typical auditory neuropathy. Conclusion:In this study, the relationship between GJB2 gene and auditory neuropathy was preliminarily analyzed,and explained the possible pathogenic mechanism of GJB2 gene variants that may be related to auditory neuropathy.

Evidências de validade e fidedignidade do Teste de Fala Comprimida com Figuras / Evidence of validity and reliability of the Compressed Speech Test with Figures

RESUMO Objetivo Buscar evidências de validade e fidedignidade para o Teste de Fala Comprimida com Figuras. Método O estudo foi subdividido em três etapas: validação de construto, critério e fidedignidade. Todos os participantes tinham idade entre 6:00 e 8:11. Para o construto, aplicou-se o Fala Comprimida com Figuras e o teste padrão ouro Fala Comprimida Adaptado em crianças com desenvolvimento fonológico típico. Para análise de critério, aplicou-se o Fala Comprimida com Figuras em dois grupos, com desenvolvimento fonológico típico (G1) e atípico (G2). Por fim, os protocolos de aplicação passaram pela análise de duas Fonoaudiólogas, com experiência na área do Processamento Auditivo Central, buscando obter uma análise de fidedignidade interavaliadores. Resultados O teste de correlação indicou um construto quase perfeito (Rho=0,843 para orelha direita e Rho=0,823 para orelha esquerda). Na análise de critério, percebeu-se que ambos os grupos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios (G1 = 99,6 a 100%; G2 = 96 a 96,5%). Já a análise de fidedignidade demonstrou que o protocolo é de fácil análise, pois ambos os profissionais apresentaram respostas unânimes. Conclusão Foi possível obter evidências de validade e fidedignidade para o instrumento de Fala Comprimida com Figuras. A análise de construto evidenciou que o instrumento mede a mesma variável que o teste padrão outro, com correlação quase perfeita. Na análise de critério, ambos os grupos apresentaram desempenho semelhante, demonstrando que o instrumento não parece diferenciar populações com e sem transtorno fonológico leve. A análise de fidedignidade interavaliador demonstrou que o protocolo é de fácil análise e pontuação.

ABSTRACT Purpose To seek evidence of validity and reliability for the Compressed Speech Test with Figures. Methods The study was subdivided into three stages: construct validation, criteria and reliability. All participants were aged between 6:00 and 8:11. For the construct, Compressed Speech with Figures and the gold standard Adapted Compressed Speech test were applied to children with typical phonological development. For criterion analysis, Compressed Speech with Figures was applied in two groups, with typical (G1) and atypical (G2) phonological development. Finally, the application protocols underwent analysis by two Speech Therapists, with experience in the area of Central Auditory Processing, seeking to obtain an inter-evaluator reliability analysis. Results The correlation test indicated an almost perfect construct (correlation 0.843 for the right ear and 0.823 for the left ear). In the criterion analysis, it was noticed that both groups presented satisfactory results (G1 = 99.6 to 100%; G2 = 96 to 96.5%). The reliability analysis demonstrated that the protocol is easy to analyze, as both professionals presented unanimous responses. Conclusion It was possible to obtain evidence of validity and reliability for the Compressed Speech with Figures instrument. The construct analysis showed that the instrument measures the same variable as the gold standard test, with an almost perfect correlation. In the criterion analysis, both groups presented similar performance, demonstrating that the instrument does not seem to differentiate populations with and without mild phonological disorder. The inter-evaluator reliability analysis demonstrated that the protocol is easy to analyze and score.

Modificações do feedback auditivo e seus efeitos sobre a voz de indivíduos adultos: uma revisão de escopo / Modifications of auditory feedback and its effects on the voice of adult subjects: a scoping review

RESUMO Introdução A percepção auditiva da voz e sua produção envolvem o feedback auditivo, as pistas cinestésicas e o sistema de feedforward, os quais produzem efeitos distintos para a voz. Os efeitos Lombard, Sidetone e o Pitch-Shift-Reflex são os mais estudados. O mapeamento de experimentos científicos sobre as modificações do feedback auditivo para o controle motor da voz possibilita examinar a literatura existente sobre o fenômeno e pode contribuir para o treinamento ou terapias da voz. Objetivo Mapear os experimentos e resultados das pesquisas com manipulação do feedback auditivo para o controle motor da voz de indivíduos adultos. Método Revisão de escopo seguindo o Checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension (PRISMA-ScR) para responder à pergunta: "Quais os métodos de investigação e principais achados das pesquisas sobre a manipulação do feedback auditivo no automonitoramento da voz de indivíduos adultos?". O protocolo de busca foi baseado na estratégia mnemônica População, Conceito e Contexto (PCC). A população são os indivíduos adultos; o conceito é a manipulação do feedback auditivo e o contexto é o controle motor da voz. Os artigos foram pesquisados nas bases de dados: BVS/ Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, MEDLINE/Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem on-line, COCHRANE, CINAHL/Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SCOPUS e WEB OF SCIENCE. Resultados Foram encontrados 60 artigos, sendo 19 da temática do Efeito Lombard, 25 do efeito Pitch-shift-reflex, 12 do efeito Sidetone e quatro sobre o efeito Sidetone/Lombard. Os estudos são concordantes que a inserção de um ruído que mascara o feedback auditivo provoca um aumento na intensidade de fala do indivíduo e que a amplificação do feedback auditivo promove a redução do nível de pressão sonora na produção da voz. Observa-se uma resposta reflexa à mudança de tom no feedback auditivo, porém, com características individuais em cada estudo. Conclusão O material e método dos experimentos são distintos, não há padronizações nas tarefas, as amostras são variadas, muitas vezes reduzidas. A diversidade metodológica dificulta a generalização dos resultados. Os principais achados das pesquisas a respeito o feedback auditivo sobre o controle motor da voz confirmam que, na supressão do feedback auditivo, o indivíduo tende a aumentar a intensidade da voz. Na amplificação do feedback auditivo, o indivíduo diminui a intensidade e tem maior controle sobre a frequência fundamental e, nas manipulações da frequência, o indivíduo tende a corrigir a manipulação. Os poucos estudos com sujeitos disfônicos mostram que eles se comportam diferentemente dos não disfônicos.

ABSTRACT Introduction The auditory perception of voice and its production involve auditory feedback, kinesthetic cues and the feedforward system that produce different effects for the voice. The Lombard, Sidetone and Pitch-Shift-Reflex effects are the most studied. The mapping of scientific experiments on changes in auditory feedback for voice motor control makes it possible to examine the existing literature on the phenomenon and may contribute to voice training or therapies. Purpose To map experiments and research results with manipulation of auditory feedback for voice motor control in adults. Method Scope review following the Checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension (PRISMA-ScR) to answer the question: "What are the investigation methods and main research findings on the manipulation of auditory feedback in voice self-monitoring of adults?". The search protocol was based on the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) mnemonic strategy, in which the population is adult individuals, the concept is the manipulation of auditory feedback and the context is on motor voice control. Articles were searched in the databases: BVS/Virtual Health Library, MEDLINE/Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System online, COCHRANE, CINAHL/Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE. Results 60 articles were found, 19 on the Lombard Effect, 25 on the Pitch-shift-reflex effect, 12 on the Sidetone effect and four on the Sidetone/Lombard effect. The studies are in agreement that the insertion of a noise that masks the auditory feedback causes an increase in the individual's speech intensity and that the amplification of the auditory feedback promotes the reduction of the sound pressure level in the voice production. A reflex response to the change in pitch is observed in the auditory feedback, however, with particular characteristics in each study. Conclusion The material and method of the experiments are different, there are no standardizations in the tasks, the samples are varied and often reduced. The methodological diversity makes it difficult to generalize the results. The main findings of research on auditory feedback on voice motor control confirm that in the suppression of auditory feedback, the individual tends to increase the intensity of the voice. In auditory feedback amplification, the individual decreases the intensity and has greater control over the fundamental frequency, and in frequency manipulations, the individual tends to correct the manipulation. The few studies with dysphonic individuals show that they behave differently from non-dysphonic individuals.

Auditory training for tinnitus treatment: a scoping review

Abstract Objectives Our study aimed to verify the evidence of auditory training employed in the audiological treatment of tinnitus in adults and older adults. Methods Scoping review based on a search for articles in journals available in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), LILACS (BVS), and Cochrane Library. Titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles were assessed by peers, following the eligibility criteria; they were afterward read in full text, and the references were hand searched in the results found. Studies' level of evidence was classified into very high (Level A+), high (Level A), moderate (Level B), limited (Level C), low (Level D), or very low (Level D−) based on the Critically Appraised Topics. Results 2160 records were identified in the searching stage and 15 studies were eligible for data extraction. Study design, sample characterization, auditory training tasks, sound stimuli, outcome measures, and results were extracted. Frequency discrimination training was the most frequent strategy, followed by auditory attentional skills training and multisensory training. Almost all studies with daily auditory training sessions reported significant benefits demonstrated in at least one outcome measure. Studies that used auditory discrimination training and attentional auditory skill stimulation to treat tinnitus obtained quality evidence levels ranging from limited to high (C‒A) and studies that applied multisensory training or attentional training combined with counseling and passive listening in tinnitus patients reached a high-quality evidence level (A). Conclusion Recent studies had higher levels of evidence and considered attentional factors and multisensory pathways in auditory training strategies.

Does a patient with acquired arbovirus infection have a hearing impairment? A scoping review of hearing changes in an adult with Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika

Abstract Objectives To identify and understand the evidence regarding hearing changes related to acquired Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika virus infection in adult individuals. Methods A scoping review was performed according to the recommendations of The Joanna Briggs Institute and guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews in the Embase, PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases without restriction on language and year of publication. Case studies, observational studies, and clinical trials reporting hearing loss in adult subjects (>18-60 years of age) of both sexes with DENV, CHIKV, or ZIKV diagnosed by positive molecular/serological examination by RT-PCR or IgM/IgG by ELISA method were included. Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review. The occurrence of auditory symptoms caused by arboviroses and the presence of permanent or transient sensorineural hearing loss was variable in adults. Conclusions Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika infections in adults are associated with a variety of auditory symptoms. The frequency of permanent or transient sensorineural hearing loss is low but not negligible.

White noise effect on listening effort among patients with chronic tinnitus and normal hearing thresholds

Abstract Objective This study investigated the effects of WN on LE in subjects with chronic tinnitus and normal hearing thresholds. The study was a prospective, non-randomized, before-and-after, intra-participant intervention. Methods Twenty-five subjects performed the following tests: conventional and high-frequency audiometry, acuphenometry, screening questionnaires for depression and anxiety symptoms, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and high WM test from the Working Memory Assessment Battery, Federal University of Minas Gerais (WMAB) as the LE measure in two conditions: No Added Noise (NAN) and with Added Noise (AN). Results Seventeen participants (68%) performed better on AN condition. Data analysis revealed a 45% improvement in the WMAB total span count on AN setting, with a significant p value (p = 0.001). Conclusion The subgroup of participants without traces of anxiety symptoms, up to mild traces of depressive symptoms, having unilateral tinnitus, and a THI level up to grade 2, had improved WM performance in the presence of WN, which suggests a release of cognitive resources and less auditory effort under these combined conditions. Evidence level 4.

Central auditory processing and aphasia: A scoping review / Processamento auditivo central e afasia: uma revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Purpose: to report scientific evidence on the impact of aphasia on central auditory processing and map the contribution of auditory training to aphasic individuals. Methods: a scoping review approaching national and international databases (SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) and the gray literature (Google Scholar and Open Grey). The inclusion criteria covered articles that addressed the interface between central auditory processing and aphasia, excluding duplicates, literature reviews, and scientific abstracts. Literature Review: the review comprised 13 articles that met the eligibility criteria for this study. Seven of the selected articles assessed central auditory processing, four used electrophysiological examinations (such as auditory brainstem response and long-latency auditory evoked potentials) to assess the auditory pathway, and only one analyzed the intervention in aphasic individuals with auditory training. Conclusion: scientific evidence points to an important change in aphasic people's central auditory processing, with impaired figure-ground, auditory closure, temporal resolution and ordering, and binaural integration. Moreover, it is relevant to assess auditory processing, given the contribution of auditory training in speech-language-hearing therapy for a better prognosis in the rehabilitation of aphasia.

RESUMO Objetivo: reportar as evidências científicas do impacto da afasia no Processamento Auditivo Central e mapear a contribuição do Treinamento Auditivo para a população afásica. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo realizada nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais: Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library e com uma busca adicional à literatura cinzenta no Google Scholar e Open Grey. Os critérios de inclusão abrangeram artigos que abordassem a interface do processamento auditivo central e afasia, excluindo-se as duplicações, artigos de revisão da literatura e resumos científicos. Revisão de Literatura: selecionaram-se 13 artigos que cumpriram os critérios de elegibilidade deste estudo. Dos artigos selecionados, sete apresentaram a avaliação do Processamento Auditivo Central, quatro apresentaram os exames eletrofisiológicos - como os exames de Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE) e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Longa Latência (PEALL) - para avaliação da via auditiva e apenas um estudo analisou a intervenção dos indivíduos afásicos por meio do treinamento auditivo. Conclusão: as evidências científicas apontam importante alteração no Processamento Auditivo Central dos afásicos, apresentando prejuízos nas habilidades auditivas de figura-fundo, fechamento auditivo, resolução e ordenação temporal e integração binaural. Ainda, demonstra-se como relevante a avaliação do processamento, devido à contribuição do Treinamento Auditivo nas terapias fonoaudiológicas para um melhor prognóstico na reabilitação das afasias.

Evaluation of the Radiological Anatomy of the Temporal Bone Air Spaces and Morphometric Analysis in Turkish Healthy Adults / Evaluación de la Anatomía Radiológica de los Espacios Aéreos del Hueso Temporal y Análisis Morfométrico en Adultos Turcos Sanos

SUMMARY: The temporal bone is a complicate structure which located on the lateral skull. The objective of the present study was to determine the temporal bone air spaces' morphometry, morphology, and pneumatization in Turkish healthy adult people. This retrospective observational study was carried out from 82 subjects (47 males, 35 females) aged 18-69 years. The external auditory canal and related structures' diameters and the volume of these areas were evaluated. The means and standard deviations of the Meatus acusticus externus length (MAEL), meatus acusticus externus pars cartilaginea length (MAEcL), meatus acusticus externus pars ossea length (MAEoL), meatus acusticus externus pars cartilaginea surface (MAEcS), meatus acusticus externus pars ossea surface (MAEoS), meatus acusticus externus volume (MAEV), meatus acusticus externus pars cartilaginea volume (MAEcV), meatus acusticus externus pars ossea volume (MAEoV), processus mastoideus air cells volume (PMACV), cavum tympani volume (CTV), and temporale pneumatic spaces volume (OTPSV) were found as 23.21±3.70 mm, 12.69±3.72 mm, 7.80±3.70 mm, 669.89±107.7 mm2, 267.50±30.51 mm2, 743.50±119.6 mm3, 971.97±156.69 mm3, 419.51±48.67 mm3, 5915.93±650.34 mm3, 673.48±91.93 mm3, 7813.34±717.49 mm3 have found in 82 subjects, respectively. In this paper, the morphometric and volume properties of the temporal bone cavities measurements were significantly higher in males than females. These results may both provide reference values of Turkish healthy population, and lead to decrease potential surgical complications about temporal and mastoid regions.

El hueso temporal es una compleja estructura ubicada en el parte lateral del cráneo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la morfometría, morfología y neumatización de los espacios aéreos del hueso temporal en individuos adultos turcos sanos. Este estudio observacional retrospectivo que se llevó a cabo en 82 sujetos (47 hombres, 35 mujeres) de entre 18 y 69 años. Se evaluaron los diámetros del meato acústico externo y las estructuras relacionadas y el volumen de estas áreas. Las medias y las desviaciones estándar de la longitud del meato acústico externo (MAEL), la longitud de la parte cartilaginosa del meato acústico externo (MAEcL), la longitud de la parte ósea del meato acústico externo (MAEoL), la superficie de la parte cartilaginosa del meato acústico externo (MAEcS), la superficie de la parte ósea del meato acústico externo (MAEoS), volumen del meato acústico externo (MAEV), volumen de la parte cartilaginosa del meato acústico externo (MAEcV), volumen de la parte ósea del meato acústico externo (MAEoV), volumen de las células aéreas del proceso mastoideo (PMACV), volumen del cavum tympani (CTV) y el volumen de los espacios neumáticos temporales (OTPSV) se encontró como 23,21 ± 3,70 mm, 12,69 ± 3,72 mm, 7,80 ± 3,70 mm, 669,89 ± 107,7 mm2, 267,50 ± 30,51 mm2, 743,50 ± 119,6 mm3, 971,97 ± 156,69 mm3, 419,5. 1±48,67 mm3, 5915,93 ± 650,34 mm3, 673,48 ± 91,93 mm3, 7813,34 ± 717,49 mm3, respectivamente. En este artículo, las propiedades morfométricas y de volumen de las mediciones de las cavidades del hueso temporal fueron significativamente mayores en hombres que en mujeres. Estos resultados pueden proporcionar valores de referencia de la población sana turca y conducir a una disminución de las posibles complicaciones quirúrgicas en las regiones temporal y mastoidea.

Prediction of declarative memory profile in panic disorder patients: a machine learning-based approach

Objective: To develop a classification framework based on random forest (RF) modeling to outline the declarative memory profile of patients with panic disorder (PD) compared to a healthy control sample. Methods: We developed RF models to classify the declarative memory profile of PD patients in comparison to a healthy control sample using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). For this study, a total of 299 patients with PD living in the city of Rio de Janeiro (70.9% females, age 39.9 ± 7.3 years old) were recruited through clinician referrals or self/family referrals. Results: Our RF models successfully predicted declarative memory profiles in patients with PD based on RAVLT scores (lowest area under the curve [AUC] of 0.979, for classification; highest root mean squared percentage [RMSPE] of 17.2%, for regression) using relatively bias-free clinical data, such as sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: Our findings also suggested that BMI, used as a proxy for diet and exercises habits, plays an important role in declarative memory. Our framework can be extended and used as a prospective tool to classify and examine associations between clinical features and declarative memory in PD patients.

Comportamento Auditivo e Validação no Diagnóstico Audiológico e Intervenção em Bebês e Crianças com Deficiência Auditiva / Auditory Behavior and Validation in Audiological Diagnosis and Intervention in Infants and Children with Hearing Impairment / Comportamiento auditivo y validación en el diagnóstico e intervención audiológicos en bebés y niños con deficiencia auditiva

Introdução: A atuação profissional com bebês e crianças pequenas com deficiência auditiva exige conhecimento e técnica específica no que diz respeito à prescrição e adaptação do aparelho de amplificação sonora individual (AASI) e ao processo de desenvolvimento de linguagem. Limitações e imprecisões ao longo do processo diagnóstico poderão comprometer todos os procedimentos subsequentes do processo de intervenção. Objetivo: Analisar a validação do processo de diagnóstico audiológico e intervenção em bebês e crianças com deficiência auditiva a partir da análise comparativa de exames audiológicos, comportamento auditivo e aplicação do princípio de verificação cruzada após adaptação de AASI. Método: Foram sujeitos da pesquisa 12 crianças de até 36 meses de idade, com diagnóstico de perda auditiva neurossensorial bilateral, selecionados a partir da disponibilidade de acesso ao serviço para a avaliação e agrupados em G1 (sujeitos com Índice de Inteligibilidade de Fala - SII 65 dB até 35%) e G2 (sujeitos com Índice de Inteligibilidade de Fala - SII 65 dB acima de 54%). Resultados: A média de idade do diagnóstico audiológico foi de 4,33 meses. Os resultados audiológicos de todas as crianças tiveram correspondência entre si, com exceção de dois sujeitos do G2. Conclusão: O comportamento auditivo não só permitiu a validação dos processos de diagnóstico e intervenção auditiva dos sujeitos da pesquisa, como também permitiu a identificação de comportamentos não compatíveis com a audibilidade devido ao uso inconsistente dos AASI. A aplicação dos instrumentos de acompanhamento de desenvolvimento mostrou-se adequada para o monitoramento do desenvolvimento de habilidades de audição e linguagem em crianças pequenas. (AU)

Introduction: Professional work with infants and young children with hearing impairment requires specific knowledge and technique regarding the prescription and adaptation of the individual sound amplification device (PSAD) and the language development process. Limitations and inaccuracies throughout the diagnostic process may compromise all subsequent procedures of the intervention process. Purpose: To analyze the validation of the process of audiological diagnosis and intervention in infants and children with hearing impairment based on the comparative analysis of audiological tests, auditory behavior and application of the cross-checking principle after adaptation of hearing aids. Method: The research subjects were 12 children aged up to 36 months, with a diagnosis of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, selected from the availability of access to the service for the evaluation and grouped into G1 (subjects with Speech Intelligibility Index - SII 65 dB up to 35%) and G2 (subjects with Speech Intelligibility Index - SII 65 dB above 54%). Results: The average age of the audiological diagnosis was 4.33 months. The audiological results of all children corresponded to each other, except for two subjects from G2. Conclusion: The auditory behavior not only allowed the validation of the processes of diagnosis and auditory intervention of the research subjects, but also allowed the identification of behaviors that are not compatible with audibility due to the inconsistent use of hearing aids. The application of developmental monitoring instruments proved to be adequate for monitoring the development of hearing and language skills in young children. (AU)

Introducción: El trabajo profesional con lactantes y niños pequeños con discapacidad auditiva requiere conocimientos y técnica específicos respecto a la prescripción y adaptación del dispositivo individual de amplificación del sonido (PSAD) y el proceso de desarrollo del lenguaje. Las limitaciones e imprecisiones a lo largo del proceso de diagnóstico pueden comprometer todos los procedimientos posteriores del proceso de intervención. Propósito: Analizar la validación del proceso de diagnóstico e intervención audiológica en lactantes y niños con discapacidad auditiva a partir del análisis comparativo de pruebas audiológicas, conducta auditiva y aplicación del principio de cruce tras adaptación de audífonos. Método: Los sujetos de investigación fueron 12 niños de hasta 36 meses, con diagnóstico de hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral, seleccionados de la disponibilidad de acceso al servicio para la evaluación y agrupados en G1 (sujetos con Índice de inteligibilidade del Habla - SII 65 dB hasta 35%) y G2 (sujetos com Índice de inteligibilidade del Habla - SII 65 dB por encima del 54%). Resultados:La edad promedio del diagnóstico audiológico fue de 4,33 meses. Los resultados audiológicos de todos los niños se correspondieron entre sí, a excepción de dos sujetos del G2. Conclusión: La conducta auditiva no sólo permitió validar los procesos de diagnóstico e intervención auditiva de los sujetos de investigación, sino que también permitió identificar conductas no compatibles con la audibilidad debido al uso inconsistente de audífonos. La aplicación de instrumentos de seguimiento del desarrollo demostró ser adecuada para controlar el desarrollo de las habilidades auditivas y lingüísticas en niños pequeños. (AU)

Potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco en neonatos nacidos a gran altitud / Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in newborn infants born in a high-altitude area

Introducción. Una forma no invasiva y segura de evaluar los parámetros neurofisiológicos en recién nacidos es la evaluación de los potenciales evocados auditivos del tronco encefálico (PEAT). Objetivo. Evaluar las latencias e intervalos de ondas de los PEAT en neonatos sanos nacidos a gran altitud (Cusco, 3399 msnm). Población y métodos. Estudio transversal y prospectivo. Se incluyeron neonatos menores a 14 días de vida, dados de alta a menos de 7 días de nacidos, evaluados para determinar los valores de los PEAT a intensidades sonoras de 70 dB, 80 dB y 90 dB. Se incluyeron las variables edad gestacional, peso al nacer, tipo de parto. Se calcularon las diferencias de las medianas de las latencias e intervalos de las ondas según edad gestacional y peso al nacer. Resultados. Se evaluaron 96 neonatos (17 pretérminos). Las medianas de las latencias de las ondas I a V a 90 dB fueron las siguientes: onda I 1,56 ms; onda II 2,74 ms; onda III 4,37 ms; onda IV 5,62 ms, onda V 6,63 ms. La latencia de la onda I para 80 dB fue de 1,71 ms y para 70 dB de 1,88 ms. Los intervalos para las ondas (I-III), (III-V) y (I-V) fueron de 2,8 ms, 2,2 ms y 5,0 ms respectivamente, sin diferencias entre intensidades (p >0,05). La prematuridad y el bajo peso estuvieron asociados a latencias de la onda I más prolongadas (p <0,05). Conclusiones. Se presentan valores ajustados de latencias e intervalos de los PEAT en neonatos nacidos a gran altitud. Se identificó que, a distintas intensidades sonoras, se ven diferencias en las latencias de las ondas, pero no en los intervalos entre ondas.

Introduction. A non-invasive and safe way to assess neurophysiological parameters in newborn infants is the evaluation of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). Objective. To assess the latencies and wave intervals of BAEPs in healthy newborn infants born in a high-altitude area (Cusco, 3399 MASL). Population and methods. Cross-sectional and prospective study. Newborn infants younger than 14 days of age, discharged less than 7 days after birth, were assessed to determine BAEP values at intensities of 70 dB, 80 dB, and 90 dB. The study variables were gestational age, birth weight, and type of delivery. The median differences in wave latencies and intervals were estimated according to gestational age and birth weight. Results. A total of 96 newborn infants (17 preterm infants) were assessed. The median latencies of waves I­V at 90 dB were for wave I: 1.56 ms, wave II: 2,74 ms, wave III: 4.37 ms, wave IV: 5.62 ms, and wave V: 6.63 ms. The latency of wave I for 80 dB was 1.71 ms and for 70 dB, 1.88 ms. Wave intervals (I­III, III­V, I­V) were 2.8 ms, 2.2 ms, and 5.0 ms, respectively, without differences among intensities (p > 0.05). Prematurity and low birth weight were associated with a longer wave I latency (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Here we describe adjusted BAEP latency and interval values for newborn infants born at high altitude. At different sound intensities, we identified differences in wave latencies, but not in interwave intervals.

The P300 Auditory Evoked Potential in Cochlear Implant Users: A Scoping Review

Abstract Introduction The P300 auditory evoked potential is a long-latency cortical potential evoked with auditory stimulation, which provides information on neural mechanisms underlying the central auditory processing. Objectives To identify and gather scientific evidence regarding the P300 in adult cochlear implant (CI) users. Data Synthesis A total of 87 articles, 20 of which were selected for this study, were identified and exported to the Rayyan search software. Those 20 articles did not propose a homogeneous methodology, which made comparison more difficult. Most articles (60%) in this review compare CI users with typical hearing people, showing prolonged P300 latency in CI users. Among the studies, 35% show that CI users present a smaller P300 amplitude. Another variable is the influence of the kind of stimulus used to elicit P300, which was prolonged in 30% of the studies that used pure tone stimuli, 10% of the studies that used pure tone and speech stimuli, and 60% of the studies that used speech stimuli. Conclusion This review has contributed with evidence that shows the importance of applying a controlled P300 protocol to diagnose and monitor CI users. Regardless of the stimuli used to elicit P300, we noticed a pattern in the increase in latency and decrease in amplitude in CI users. The user's experience with the CI speech processor over time and the speech test results seem to be related to the P300 latency and amplitude measurements.

Multidisciplinary Cognitive Function Assessment of Good versus Poor Performance in Children with Cochlear Implants: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Introduction Despite the developing technology of cochlear implants (CIs), implanted prelingual hearing-impaired children exhibit variable speech processing outcomes. When these children match in personal and implant-related criteria, the CI outcome variability could be related to higher-order cognitive impairment. Objectives To evaluate different domains of cognitive function in good versus poor CI performers using a multidisciplinary approach and to find the relationship between these functions and different levels of speech processing. Methods This observational, cross-sectional study used the word recognition score (WRS) test to categorize 40 children with CIs into 20 good (WRS/65%) and 20 poor performers (WRS < 65%). All participants were examined for speech processing at different levels (auditory processing and spoken language) and cognitive functioning using (1) verbal tests (verbal component of Stanford-Binet intelligence [SBIS], auditory memory, auditory vigilance, and P300); and (2) performance tasks (performance components of SBIS, and trail making test). Results The outcomes of speech processing at different functional levels and both domains of cognitive function were analyzed and correlated. Speech processing was impaired significantly in poor CI performers. This group also showed a significant cognitive function deficit, in which the verbal abilities were more affected (in 93.5%) than in the good performers (in 69.5%). Moreover, cognitive function revealed a significant correlation and predictive effect on the CI speech outcomes. Conclusion Cognitive function impairment represented an important factor that underlies the variable speech proficiency in cochlear-implanted children. A multidisciplinary evaluation of cognitive function would provide a comprehensive overview to improve training strategies.

Remissão total do zumbido pediátrico: relato dos resultados de uma abordagem não medicamentosa da disfunção tubária / Total remission of pediatric tinnitus: reporting the results of a non-drug approach to tubal dysfunction / Remisión total del acufeno pediátrico: informe de los resultados de un enfoque no farmacológico a la disfunción tubárica

Introdução: Zumbido é um sintoma crescente na população pediátrica e sua multifatoriedade etiológica demanda amplas investigações para utilizar-se adequadas intervenções. Objetivos: relatar os efeitos de uma abordagem não medicamentosa em um caso de remissão total do zumbido pediátrico oriundo da disfunção tubária. Método: Este artigo apresenta um indivíduo com sete anos, do sexo feminino e com queixa de zumbido crônico associado a disfunção tubária, considerado escasso na literatura. Além disso, este estudo descreve as avaliações médicas (neurológica e otorrinolaringológica), a avaliação audiológica e psicoacústica do zumbido, o processo diagnóstico e a intervenção fonoaudiológica realizada. Utilizou-se uma abordagem não medicamentosa que contemplou exercícios miofuncionais orofaciais, Manobra de Valsalva e limpeza nasal. Resultados: Após um mês de intervenção, com a prática diária dos exercícios, o indivíduo estudado referiu ausência da percepção do sintoma e das demais queixas auditivas. Este resultado também foi constatado nas avaliações audiológicas. Conclusão: A abordagem não medicamentosa da disfunção tubária demonstrou bons resultados frente ao manejo do zumbido crônico, para o presente caso. (AU)

Introduction: Tinnitus is a growing symptom in the pediatric population and its etiological multifactorial demands extensive investigations to use appropriate interventions. Objective: report the effects of a non-medicated approach of a case of total remission of pediatric tinnitus from tube dysfunction. Methods: This article presents a seven-year-old female patient with a complaint of chronic tinnitus associated with tubal dysfunction, considered rare in the literature. Besides that, this study describes the medical evaluations (neurological and otorhinolaryngological), the audiological and psychoacoustic evaluations of the tinnitus, the diagnostic process and the speech-language intervention performed. It was used a non-medication approach that included orofacial myofunctional exercises, Valsalva maneuver and nasal cleaning. Results: After a month of intervention, with the daily practice of exercises, the studied subject reported the absence of perception of the symptom and other auditory complaints. This result was also verified in the audiological evaluations. Conclusion: The non-medication approach to tubal dysfunction has shown good results in relation to the management of chronic tinnitus for the present case. (AU)

Introducción: Acufeno es un síntoma creciente en la población pediátrica y su multifatoriedad etiológica demanda amplias investigaciones para utilizar adecuadas intervenciones. Objetivos: Informar los efectos de un enfoque no farmacológico de un caso de remisión total del acufeno pediátrico oriundo de la disfunción tubárica. Metodos: Este artículo presenta un sujeto con siete años, del sexo femenino y con queja de acufeno crónico asociado a disfunción tubárica, considerado escaso en la literatura. Además, este estudio describe las evaluaciones médicas (neurológica y otorrinolaringológica), la evaluación audiológica y psicoacústica del zumbido, el proceso diagnóstico y la intervención fonoaudiológica realizada. Se utilizó un abordaje no medicamentoso que contempló ejercicios miofuncionales orofaciales, Maniobra de Valsalva y limpieza nasal. Resultados: Después de un mes de intervención, con la práctica diaria de los ejercicios, el sujeto estudiado refirió ausencia de la percepción del síntoma y de las demás quejas auditivas. Este resultado también se constató en las evaluaciones audiológicas. Conclusión: El abordaje no medicamentoso de la disfunción tubárica demostró buenos resultados frente al manejo del acufeno crónico, para el presente caso. (AU)

Wave V threshold among children with delayed speech and language, using brainstem evoked response audiometry – A cross-sectional study

Background: Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) is an objective test for audiometric assessment of children. As deprived linguistic skill is often associated with auditory impairment in initial years of life; early diagnosis and interventions are much needed. Aim and Objective: To detect Wave V, in the lowest intensity, as it is a reliable parameter to assess BERA threshold for hearing among different age group of children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 250 children (n = 250) with impaired speech and 120 normal children. The case population was divided into four groups according to age – Group 1 (<1 year); Group 2 (1–3 years); Group3 (3–6 years); and Group 4 (6–12 years). Wave V threshold was determined by BERA (measure brainstem auditory evoked potential). Cases were also divided into two categories depending on unilateral or bilateral involvement of ear. Mean threshold of each group was compared with corresponding control group of similar age. The test of significance used was Mann–Whitney U-test. Intragroup comparison was done by Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: In Group 1, 91.7%; Group 2, 100%; Group 3; 88.6%, and Group 4; 85% of children were suffering from bilateral hearing loss. In all the groups, mean threshold was statistically significantly increased in comparison with control group. In intragroup comparison, there was no statistically significant difference of threshold among all the groups of cases in both of the ears. Conclusions: This study identified increased wave V threshold in children with impaired speech of all four groups. Thereby, it indicates the necessity of BERA as screening method.

Limiar Diferencial de mascaramento e potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico em adultos normo-ouvintes com zumbido / Masking Level Difference and Auditory Brainstem ResponseIn Normal Hearing Adults With Tinnitus / Umbral de enmascaramiento diferencial y potencial evocado auditivo del tronco encefálico en adultos con audición normal y tinnitus

Introdução: O zumbido é uma ilusão auditiva consciente, uma sensação sonora não relacionada com uma fonte externa de estimulação. Objetivos: Caracterizar a Acufenometria, Limiar Diferencial de Mascaramento, o questionário de qualidade de vida Inventário de Desvantagem do Zumbido e Potencial Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico em adultos normo-ouvintes com zumbido, com a finalidade de comparar seus achados. Método: Vinte indivíduos do sexo feminino e masculino, entre 20 e 60 anos de idade, normo-ouvintes com queixa de zumbido, foram submetidos ao Acufenometria, Limiar Diferencial de Mascaramento, Inventário de Desvantagem do Zumbido e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico. Resultados: AAcufenometriarevelou que o pitch médio foi de 4,3 KHz à orelha direita e 4,6 KHz à orelha esquerda. O loudness médio foi de 21,7 dBNS à orelha direita e 23,5 dBNS à orelha esquerda. O Limiar Diferencial de Mascaramento médio mostrou-se alterado. O Inventário de Desvantagem do Zumbido médio correspondeu à classificação de grau leve. O Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico apresentou parâmetros dentro da normalidade bilateralmente. Conclusão: Constatou-se que adultos normo-ouvintes com queixa de zumbido apresentam zumbido de pitch agudo bilateral com discreto impacto na qualidade de vida, condução adequada das vias auditivas até o tronco encefálico e comprometimento na identificação de sons na presença de ruído, demonstrando que o zumbido pode ter repercussões nas habilidades auditivas centrais. (AU)

Introduction: Tinnitus is a conscious auditory illusion, a sound perception unrelated to any external stimulus source. Objectives: To characterize the Acuphenometry, Masking Level Difference, the quality of life questionnaire Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and Auditory Brainstem Response in normal hearing adults with tinnitus, with the purpose of comparing the findings. Method: Twenty female and male individuals, between 20 and 60 years of age, normal hearing with complaints of tinnitus, underwent Acuphenometry, Masking Level Difference, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and Auditory Brainstem Response. Results: The Acuphenometry showed the average pitch was 4.3 KHz to the right ear and 4.6 KHz to the left ear. The average loudness was 21.7 dBSL to the right ear and 23.5 dBs to the left ear. The average Masking Level Difference was altered. The average Tinnitus Handicap Inventory corresponded to the classification of mild grade. Auditory Brainstem Response showed parameters within normal range bilaterally. Conclusion: It was found that normal hearing adults with tinnitus complaints have bilateral acute pitch tinnitus with a slight impact on quality of life, appropriate conduction of auditory pathways to the brainstem and impaired identification of sounds in the presence of noise, demonstrating that tinnitus can have repercussions on central auditory skills. (AU)

Introducción: El tinnitus es una ilusión auditiva consciente, una sensación de sonido no relacionada con una fuente externa de estimulación. Objetivos: Caracterizar la coincidencia de tono y volumen, el umbral de enmascaramiento diferencial, el inventario de minusvalía para acúfenos y el potencial auditivo del tronco encefálico en adultos normoyentes con acúfenos, con el fin de comparar sus hallazgos. Método:Veinte sujetos masculinos y femeninos, con edades entre 20 y 60 años, audición normal con tinnitus, fueron sometidos a acúfenos, Umbral de Enmascaramiento Diferencial, Inventario de Desventajas de Tinnitus y Potenciales Evocados Auditivos del Tronco Encefalico. Resultados: La combinación de tono y volumen reveló que el tono promedio era de 4,3 KHz en el oído derecho y de 4,6 KHz en el oído izquierdo. Mientras que el volumen medio fue de 21,7 dBNS para el oído derecho y de 23,5 dBNS para el oído izquierdo. Se modificó el umbral diferencial de enmascaramiento promedio. El Inventario de Desventajas de Tinnitus promedio correspondió a la clasificación de grado leve. El Potenciales Evocados Auditivos del Tronco Encefalico presentó parámetros dentro del rango normal bilateralmente. Conclusión:Se encontró que los adultos normooyentes con quejas de tinnitus presentan tinnitus de tono alto bilateral con leve impacto en la calidad de vida, conducción adecuada de las vías auditivas al tronco encefálico y deterioro en la identificación de sonidos en presencia de ruido, demostrando que Tinnitus puede tener repercusiones en las habilidades auditivas centrales. (AU)

Contribuição do potencial evocado auditivo de estado estável na escolha do implante coclear ou aparelho de amplificação sonora em crianças com perda auditiva / Contribution of auditory steady state evoked potential to the election of cochlear implantation or hearing aid for children with hearing impairment / Contribución del potencial evocado auditivo de estado estable en la elección de implantación coclear o audífono en niños con deficiencia auditiva

Introdução: A deficiência auditiva em crianças prejudica a aquisição e o desenvolvimento da linguagem oral, o que pode ser minimizado com o diagnóstico e a confirmação da surdez nos primeiros meses de vida. O Potencial Evocado auditivo de estado estável (PEAEE) destaca-se diante dos demais potenciais evocados auditivos devido à facilidade de registro, à objetividade das respostas, à estimulação de várias frequências simultaneamente, em ambas as orelhas, além da identificação da audição residual. Objetivo: Verificar a contribuição do PEAEE na definição terapêutica (escolha do implante coclear ou aparelho de amplificação sonora) para a reabilitação auditiva de crianças. Método: Foram analisados os registros de 20 crianças de um mês a três anos de idade com perda auditiva neurossensorial de grau severo ou profundo bilateral e que foram submetidas ao PEAEE e ao potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico frequência específica (PEATE-FE). Ambos realizados nas frequências de 500 Hz e 2000 Hz no equipamento Smart-EP Intelligent Hearing Systems®. Resultados: Houve diferença entre os exames quanto à ocorrência de resíduo auditivo, pois, um número significativo de indivíduos apresentou respostas ausentes no PEATE-FE e respostas presentes no PEAEE. Não ocorreu associação entre a presença de resíduo auditivo, o grau da perda e a idade da criança com o tipo de intervenção terapêutica. Conclusão: A presença de resíduo auditivo, a classificação do grau da perda e a idade da criança não influenciaram na conduta terapêutica final. (AU)

Introduction: Hearing impairment in children debilitates the acquisition and development of oral language, which can be minimized with diagnosis and confirmation of deafness in the first months of life. Auditory Steady State Evoked Potential (ASSEP) analysis stands out from others auditory evoked potentials due to the ease of recording, objectivity of the answers, stimulation of several frequencies simultaneously, in both ears, besides the identification of residual hearing. Purpose: Determine the contribution of the ASSEP for the therapeutic definition (election of cochlear implantation or hearing aid device) in hearing rehabilitation of children. Methods: The records of 20 children aged one month to three years with severe or profound bilateral neurosensory hearing loss, who were submitted to ASSEP and specific frequency brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) analysis were analyzed. Both tests performed at frequencies of 500 Hz and 2000 Hz using the equipment Smart-EP Intelligent Hearing Systems®. Results: There was difference between the exams regarding the occurrence of residual hearing, since a significant number of individuals had absent responses on the BAEP and present responses on the ASSEP. There was no association between the presence of residual hearing, degree of hearing loss and the child's age with the type of therapeutic intervention. Conclusion: The presence of residual hearing, classification of the degree of loss and child's age exerted no influence on the final conduct. (AU)

Introducción: La deficiencia auditiva en niños hace daño a la adquisición y el desarrollo del lenguaje oral, que se puede minimizar con el diagnóstico y confirmación de la sordera en los primeros meses de vida. El Potencial Evocado de Estado Estable (PEAEE) se destaca de los demás potenciales evocados auditivos por la facilidad de registro, objetividad de las respuestas, estimulación de varias frecuencias simultáneamente, en ambos oídos, además de la identificación de audición residual. Objetivo: Verificar la contribución del PEAEE para la definición de las terapéuticas adoptadas (elección de implantación coclear o audífono) en la rehabilitación auditiva de niños. Método: Fueron analizados los registros de 20 niños de un mes a tres años de edad con pérdida auditiva sensorineural de grado severo o profundo bilateral y que fueron sometidas al PEAEE y al potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico por frecuencia específica (PEATE-FE). Ambos se realizaron en las frecuencias de 500 Hz y 2000 Hz en el equipo Smart-EP Intelligent Hearing Systems®. Resultados: Hubo diferencia entre los exámenes con respecto a la ocurrencia de residuo auditivo, dado que, un número significativo de sujetos presentaron respuestas ausentes en PEATE-FE y respuestas presentes en PEAEE. No hubo asociación entre la presencia de residuo auditivo, el grado de pérdida y la edad del niño con el tipo de intervención terapéutica. Conclusión: La presencia de residuo auditivo, clasificación del grado de pérdida y edad del niño no influyeron en la conducta final. (AU)